Morphine/Heroine
(Opioids)
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These fit into receptors that normally take the neurotransmitters endorphins and enkaphelins. This triggers the reward circuit that creates the dopamine rush. The disengagement from pain produced by these drugs is thought to be caused by the deactivation of an area in the cortex called the anterior cingulate gyrus, which concentrates attention on adverse internal stimuli. The withdrawal effects of opiods are associated with steep rise in stress hormones that activate the urge-making areas of the brain. These drugs are among the most dangerously addictive due to the painful withdrawal symptoms. |